The First Clock for Peter Henlei in 1510

The need to control the time ancient civilizations are guided by day and night or the cycles of the moon.

Also, later came to create the Sundial. The which was based on the shadow, which projected an element of wood, stone or other direction. The Egyptians also created clock, which was based on the passage of water.

Similarly, the Arabs mediate time with astronomical type calculations which were known in his time, for high accuracy of their predictions.

Another clock that was invented, which was quite reliable at the time, was the hourglass. This uses two databases of glass, which are joined by a small hole where sand, a compartment to another. These usually measured during one hour.

Thus we arrive at the 13th century a.d., which begin to manufacture, the first more or less accurate clocks. These were designed to measure the canonical, hours in European monasteries.

Who invented the pendulum, clock the most accurate of its time, was the Christian Huygens clockmaker. This occurred in the 17TH century.

With regard to transportable or small clocks, they made their appearance in society, the year 1524. It was Peter Henlein, who invented the first pocket watch. Apparently, this pocket, in its infancy, watches only had an hour autonomy. Pass it, had to give them rope, so continue to function.

Today, there are even atomic clocks. The atomic clock is the most accurate clock worldwide. And it is used to measure the world, time consistent with the rotation of the Earth clock. Backlog that presents the atomic clock, is much less than a second for each year that passes.

Telescope for Galileo Galilei in 1610

Galileo, news of this invention, decided design and build one. In 1609 showed the first recorded astronomical telescope. Thanks to the telescope, made major discoveries in astronomy, notably the observation on January 7, 1610, four moons of Jupiter by turning on this planet.

Known until then as the lens spyware, the name "telescope" was first proposed by the Greek mathematician Giovanni Demisiani 14 April 1611 during a dinner in Rome in honor of Galileo, dinner in which attendees were able to observe the moons of Jupiter from the telescope that Galileo had brought.

There are several types of telescope: refractors, using lenses; reflectors, they have a concave mirror instead of the objective lens and reflectors, they have a concave mirror and a corrective lens.



Microscope for Galileo Galilei in 1610

Humans have developed sense of view. However, are not visible to the naked eye things to measure less than a tenth of a millimeter. And many of the advances in chemistry, biology and medicine had failed if the microscope would soon to be invented.

                                     

First microscope was invented by a chance in experiments with lenses, invented a microscope with a sort of tube lenses at their ends, 8 cm long supported by three dolphins bronze; but got blurred images because of poor quality lenses. These first microscopes increased image 200 times.  These optical microscopes disallowed to enlarge the image more than 2000 times. Currently in effect tunnel them extend 100 million times.

The Mercury Thermometer for Daniel Fahrenheit in 1714

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit was a German physicist who invented the thermometer alcohol in 1709 and the thermometer mercury in 1714. The Fahrenheit temperature scale was developed in 1724. Fahrenheit originally established a scale in which temperature hielo-agua - salt mixture was fixed at 0 degrees. The temperature of a mix of hielo-agua (unsalted) was fixed to the temperature of the human body to 96 degrees and 30 degrees. Fahrenheit measured the temperature of the water boiling at 32 ° F, making that the interval between the point of boiling and freezing of the water out of 180 degrees (and making the body temperature was 98.6 ° F). The Fahrenheit scale is commonly used in the United States.

 imagine that this invention our ancestors made them easier to detect tempeature either the disease or the environment.

The steamboat for Robert Fulton in 1807

Late in 1803, Robert Fulton launched the Seine boat whose impeller was a wheel with trowels, steam-driven, was poorly received in France, and in 1807, Fulton continued his experiments in the United States, boot your "Clermont" steam. Fulton toured in the 240 km that separate Albany New York skimming the Hudson River. With this same boat, you would set the first regular service steam. This steam wore a few wheels with palettes on both sides of the hull design for a time spread much. These vessels are known as "steamer" and many wore masts with candles at the same time. This type of Steamboat would have much success on inland waterways, since needed little feather, while and drawback increases considerably the width of the boats, examples of this type of vessel are famous vapour wheel that circulated by the Mississippi, examples of this type of steam in Spain were the steamer, the Pizarro and the Blasco de Garay.

This invention completely changed the lives of all with them as they conquered many lands, were accomplices of war and even more. currently there are almost no such as motor boats were made for speed.

Writing for The Bind for Louis Braille in 1834

Since 1825, year in which Louis Braille devised system of embossed, blind people have a valid and effective tool to read, write, compose, or engage in information technology.

The braille system isn't a language, but an alphabet. With braille can represent letters, punctuation marks, numbers, the scientific name, mathematical symbols, music, etc.

Braille typically consist of cells in six points in relief, organized as an array of three rows by two columns, which are conventionally numbered top to bottom and from left to right.

The presence or absence of points allows encoding of symbols. 64 Different combinations are obtained through these six points. The presence or absence of point at each position determines what font it is. Since these 64 combinations are clearly insufficient, used special distinctive signs that, back to a combination of points, make a letter uppercase, italics, number, or musical note. Spanish Braille, lowercase letters, punctuation, most codes some words and some special characters are encoded directly in a cell, but capitalization and numbers are also represented with another symbol as a prefix.

There are codes to represent shorthand (generated with a machine that marks the points on a paper tape), and to represent Mathematical notations braille, also called mathematical code unified, and musicals.

With the introduction of information technology, braille was expanded to eight points, so that a single letter can be encoded with a single cell, a cell can represent any ASCII character code. The 256 possible combinations of the eight points are encoded according to the Unicode standard.

On the other hand, the introduction of the information access technologies has generated a need to establish new codes on computing and electronics published by the CBE in January 2009.

Braille can be reproduced using an iron and a punch, so that each point is generated from the back of the page, written in an image in reverse (as that is obtained by looking for a mirror), hand-made or printed with a typewriter braille, by a braille printer connected to a computer, or using a Braille device.

The Gas Engine for Etienne Lenoir in 1860

Lenoir became famous for building, in 1860, one of the first models of heat engine that worked with gas, which subsequently refined according to the scheme of operation based on the four times of Rochas Bean lifecycle. The invention was applied by Lenoir, three years later and in a version improved, a vehicle tricycles that came to walk 10 km, which marked the birth of the blast and booming automotive engine feat.

unveiled in Paris which no doubt would be his most famous invention, a double action of combustion gas engine. The principle on which the machine of Lenoir was based was steam double action. Lenoir invented an engine that worked without understanding, with alternately produced above and below the piston combustion. Turn, the engine had two different gas and two exhaust entries. The input and output of gas was controlled by valve. The ignition of the gas was made by an electrical apparatus induction on distributor ignition and spark plugs.