The First Clock for Peter Henlei in 1510

The need to control the time ancient civilizations are guided by day and night or the cycles of the moon.

Also, later came to create the Sundial. The which was based on the shadow, which projected an element of wood, stone or other direction. The Egyptians also created clock, which was based on the passage of water.

Similarly, the Arabs mediate time with astronomical type calculations which were known in his time, for high accuracy of their predictions.

Another clock that was invented, which was quite reliable at the time, was the hourglass. This uses two databases of glass, which are joined by a small hole where sand, a compartment to another. These usually measured during one hour.

Thus we arrive at the 13th century a.d., which begin to manufacture, the first more or less accurate clocks. These were designed to measure the canonical, hours in European monasteries.

Who invented the pendulum, clock the most accurate of its time, was the Christian Huygens clockmaker. This occurred in the 17TH century.

With regard to transportable or small clocks, they made their appearance in society, the year 1524. It was Peter Henlein, who invented the first pocket watch. Apparently, this pocket, in its infancy, watches only had an hour autonomy. Pass it, had to give them rope, so continue to function.

Today, there are even atomic clocks. The atomic clock is the most accurate clock worldwide. And it is used to measure the world, time consistent with the rotation of the Earth clock. Backlog that presents the atomic clock, is much less than a second for each year that passes.

Telescope for Galileo Galilei in 1610

Galileo, news of this invention, decided design and build one. In 1609 showed the first recorded astronomical telescope. Thanks to the telescope, made major discoveries in astronomy, notably the observation on January 7, 1610, four moons of Jupiter by turning on this planet.

Known until then as the lens spyware, the name "telescope" was first proposed by the Greek mathematician Giovanni Demisiani 14 April 1611 during a dinner in Rome in honor of Galileo, dinner in which attendees were able to observe the moons of Jupiter from the telescope that Galileo had brought.

There are several types of telescope: refractors, using lenses; reflectors, they have a concave mirror instead of the objective lens and reflectors, they have a concave mirror and a corrective lens.



Microscope for Galileo Galilei in 1610

Humans have developed sense of view. However, are not visible to the naked eye things to measure less than a tenth of a millimeter. And many of the advances in chemistry, biology and medicine had failed if the microscope would soon to be invented.

                                     

First microscope was invented by a chance in experiments with lenses, invented a microscope with a sort of tube lenses at their ends, 8 cm long supported by three dolphins bronze; but got blurred images because of poor quality lenses. These first microscopes increased image 200 times.  These optical microscopes disallowed to enlarge the image more than 2000 times. Currently in effect tunnel them extend 100 million times.

The Mercury Thermometer for Daniel Fahrenheit in 1714

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit was a German physicist who invented the thermometer alcohol in 1709 and the thermometer mercury in 1714. The Fahrenheit temperature scale was developed in 1724. Fahrenheit originally established a scale in which temperature hielo-agua - salt mixture was fixed at 0 degrees. The temperature of a mix of hielo-agua (unsalted) was fixed to the temperature of the human body to 96 degrees and 30 degrees. Fahrenheit measured the temperature of the water boiling at 32 ° F, making that the interval between the point of boiling and freezing of the water out of 180 degrees (and making the body temperature was 98.6 ° F). The Fahrenheit scale is commonly used in the United States.

 imagine that this invention our ancestors made them easier to detect tempeature either the disease or the environment.

The steamboat for Robert Fulton in 1807

Late in 1803, Robert Fulton launched the Seine boat whose impeller was a wheel with trowels, steam-driven, was poorly received in France, and in 1807, Fulton continued his experiments in the United States, boot your "Clermont" steam. Fulton toured in the 240 km that separate Albany New York skimming the Hudson River. With this same boat, you would set the first regular service steam. This steam wore a few wheels with palettes on both sides of the hull design for a time spread much. These vessels are known as "steamer" and many wore masts with candles at the same time. This type of Steamboat would have much success on inland waterways, since needed little feather, while and drawback increases considerably the width of the boats, examples of this type of vessel are famous vapour wheel that circulated by the Mississippi, examples of this type of steam in Spain were the steamer, the Pizarro and the Blasco de Garay.

This invention completely changed the lives of all with them as they conquered many lands, were accomplices of war and even more. currently there are almost no such as motor boats were made for speed.

Writing for The Bind for Louis Braille in 1834

Since 1825, year in which Louis Braille devised system of embossed, blind people have a valid and effective tool to read, write, compose, or engage in information technology.

The braille system isn't a language, but an alphabet. With braille can represent letters, punctuation marks, numbers, the scientific name, mathematical symbols, music, etc.

Braille typically consist of cells in six points in relief, organized as an array of three rows by two columns, which are conventionally numbered top to bottom and from left to right.

The presence or absence of points allows encoding of symbols. 64 Different combinations are obtained through these six points. The presence or absence of point at each position determines what font it is. Since these 64 combinations are clearly insufficient, used special distinctive signs that, back to a combination of points, make a letter uppercase, italics, number, or musical note. Spanish Braille, lowercase letters, punctuation, most codes some words and some special characters are encoded directly in a cell, but capitalization and numbers are also represented with another symbol as a prefix.

There are codes to represent shorthand (generated with a machine that marks the points on a paper tape), and to represent Mathematical notations braille, also called mathematical code unified, and musicals.

With the introduction of information technology, braille was expanded to eight points, so that a single letter can be encoded with a single cell, a cell can represent any ASCII character code. The 256 possible combinations of the eight points are encoded according to the Unicode standard.

On the other hand, the introduction of the information access technologies has generated a need to establish new codes on computing and electronics published by the CBE in January 2009.

Braille can be reproduced using an iron and a punch, so that each point is generated from the back of the page, written in an image in reverse (as that is obtained by looking for a mirror), hand-made or printed with a typewriter braille, by a braille printer connected to a computer, or using a Braille device.

The Gas Engine for Etienne Lenoir in 1860

Lenoir became famous for building, in 1860, one of the first models of heat engine that worked with gas, which subsequently refined according to the scheme of operation based on the four times of Rochas Bean lifecycle. The invention was applied by Lenoir, three years later and in a version improved, a vehicle tricycles that came to walk 10 km, which marked the birth of the blast and booming automotive engine feat.

unveiled in Paris which no doubt would be his most famous invention, a double action of combustion gas engine. The principle on which the machine of Lenoir was based was steam double action. Lenoir invented an engine that worked without understanding, with alternately produced above and below the piston combustion. Turn, the engine had two different gas and two exhaust entries. The input and output of gas was controlled by valve. The ignition of the gas was made by an electrical apparatus induction on distributor ignition and spark plugs.

The cinematographer for Auguste & Louis Luminière in 1895

Finishing 19th century, more precisely a 28 December 1895, in Paris, who walked by the Boulevard des Capucins, far were knowing that were to a great change in regards to entertainment and art, when they heard the screams of someone invited you to see the great invention of the Lumiére brothers.

 In a small basement and about thirty people are encouraged to enter saw pass on a white screen, the images of "the gardener watered"(L'arroseu_arrosé), a very short short film that journalists do not gave greater attention. But there was a visionary who assessed the significance of the invention, Georges Méliès, who in 1896 founded the first film production company, the "Star films", and produced more than 4,000 films, now considered classics of cinema, as "Journey to the Moon" where cinematographic tricks contemporary possibilities are tested on that date.

The film returns to take another major step when the movie appears in color and after several tests, the cinemascope.

Cinema had great influence on society, taught to see things differently, has developed a special in human perception, educated the sensitivity of the human being in the eyes, was becoming an exquisite expressive instrument, so Ricciotto Canudo in 1912, called him "seventh art"; Although an inseparable from art and industry, Union is itself a "product", but if quality is "a work of art".



Counter to calculate The Radioactivity for Hans Geiger in 1913

Nuclear energy today represents a third of the energy that is supplied in the EU, avoiding the emission of 700 million tons of CO2 to the atmosphere, so that is highly toxic and carcinogenic. This figure is equivalent to the movement of 200 million cars. An example on a global scale, is the year 1996, which avoided the emission of 2.33 billion tonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere through nuclear energy.

Other emissions of pollutants generated in the use of fossil fuels are also avoided. As e.g. nuclear Spanish Santa María of Garoña, which has prevented download air 90 million tons of CO2, 312,000 tonnes NOx, 650,000 tonnes of SO2, as well as 170,000 tons of ashes, containing at the same time more than 5,200 tons of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead.

Likewise reduces consumption of fossil fuels, generating very little amount of fuel (uranium) far greater reserves energy, thus preventing multitude of expenditure on transport, waste, etc.

                                                          

Nuclear energy is serving long for many more things than to simply obtain energy. So using radioactive isotopes have been several things in various fields such as: agriculture and food (control of pests, mutations, and conservation of food), medicine (vaccines, nuclear medicine, Radioimmunoassay and radiopharmaceuticals), environment, hydrology, industry and research (plotters, instrumentation, imaging, dating, research and biology).

Energy is uns invention that you could say geneal because we always use for all our ancestors just did not think the danger in the long run several things happen because now thanks to her as well suppose that we harm the environment use and early tardeo ps is everything ends in a way that no clear thought before today and are searching for a solution but the more it takes the greater the problem.



Kinds of ionizing radiation and how to stop it.Alpha particles (helium nuclei) are stopped by bringing a piece of paper. Beta particles (electrons and positrons) are not capable of penetrating a layer of aluminum. However, gamma rays (high energy photons) need a much thicker barrier, the more energy can pass through lead.



The Television for John LogieBaird in 1926

Signal transducing image contains information it, but is required, for their recomposition, which has a perfect sync between the deflection of exploration and the deflection in representation.

Scanning an image through its decomposition, first in frames call boxes, and then click lines, reading each box. To determine the number of required boxes so that they can recompose an image in motion as well as the number of lines for optimal quality reproduction and optimum perception of colour in the colour TV) were numerous scientific and empirical studies of the human eye and how they perceive. He was that the number of boxes should be at least 24-second (later used for other reasons 25 and 30) and that the number of lines should be greater than 300.

Our ancestors most effective of information was the radio and then saw the invention of television by these scientists and many people were surprised because it was the new addition to information transmitted to the perfect image perhaps black and white but at least had any idea what he was talking and then I imagine that such inaccuracies could acquire only the money.